Carbon Copies - The Controversial Question of Animal Cloning
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A 5 page paper that explains the process of nuclear transfer, or non-transgenic cloning, and how this process is currently being used on animal subjects. Also discussed are the controversy that surrounds this issue and the questions this procedure presents in the areas of humanity, ethics, and necessity. Arguments presented by both advocates and opposition are included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: LCClone.doc

Charles Darwin's "The Expression Of The Emotions In Man And Animals"
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15 pages in length. First published in 1872, Charles Darwin's irrefutably greatest work -- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals – brought to light a subsequently unprecedented declaration: Since both man and animal are derived from the same kingdom, there is no question that they also share in the ability – though not identical in nature – to express emotion. This astounding assertion was met with quite an array of reaction at the time, from disbelief to wonderment to disdain. Only after decades upon decades of anecdotal proof have scientists come to agree with Darwin's claim, rendering emotional display a very normal component of the entire animal world. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCdrwin.rtf

Consciousness In Animals
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20 pages in length. When one considers the concept of consciousness, it is with great hesitation that its traits are attributed to those who represent the animal kingdom. However, what mankind has typically done is employ the human form of consciousness when applying it to animals, making it quite difficult for them to meet up to such an adaptation. Indeed, while animals may not possess the prerequisites for human consciousness, which not only include awareness of external events or phenomena, but also of one's own feelings, beliefs, and mental events, they do harbor their own form of consciousness that often transcends mankind's reality-based existence. That humans are able to reason and communicate through spoken language does in no way preclude the rest of the animal kingdom from also inherently possessing a distinct and definite consciousness; just because man believes that he is the only species to maintain a state of consciousness is no proof that it does not exist elsewhere. The writer defends the position of consciousness in animals. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: TLCAnmal.wps

Conservation Efforts in Madagascar:
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This 10 page paper discusses the unique wildlife of Madagascar and reveals the many conservation efforts to protect this wildlife. Furthermore, this paper outlines the forces which impede such efforts and why conservation in Madagascar is so important. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GSReserv.rtf

Conservation Officers and Poachers
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A 10 page paper which examines the methods conservation officers are employing (different techniques, equipment, etc.) to stop poachers in the United States. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TGpoach.rtf

Diesel Fuel, the Environment, and the U.S. Compared to Europe
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This 7 page report discusses attitudes, facts, and the overall impact on the Earth’s environment related to the use of diesel fuel. People who are advocates of a greater use of diesel fuel almost always point to the fact that diesels are more fuel-efficient than spark-ignition engines and offer a greater degree of actual energy than a gallon of “regular” gas. However, in the United States, diesel is generally thought to be inherently “dirty.” Such issues are discussed and comparisons made between European and American formulation and use of diesel fuel. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: BWdiesel.rtf

Do Dogs Have Feelings?
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5 pages in length. Do dogs have feelings? If they do, are they the same as humans? And if they are not the same as humans, how do we really know they have feelings? Can anyone truly argue that some dogs do not express feelings of fear toward thunderstorms or become extremely happy when his or her favorite person arrives home? When one considers the concept of feelings, it is with great hesitation that its characteristics are attributed to those who represent the animal kingdom. However, what mankind has typically done is employ the human form of feelings when applying it to dogs, making it quite difficult for them to meet up to such an adaptation. Indeed, while dogs may not possess the prerequisites for human feelings, they do harbor their own form that often transcends mankind's reality-based existence. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCfeelg.wps

Dogs And Cats: Compare/Contrast
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5 pages in length. When comparing and contrasting the individual characteristics of dogs and cats, one might consider the differences between an apple and an orange to truly grasp the variants that exist between the two animal species. Indeed, both have been domesticated and adopted into man's family; however, one might readily argue that any similarity ends there, along with the fact that each animal sports four legs and a tail. There is such a significantly divergent perception of these animals that even human beings have taken sides, establishing clear-cut camps of dogs- and cats-only people. When the two sides do meet, it is done with more of an obligatory gesture rather than one out of true affection for the opposite species. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCdgct.wps

Ethics Of Animal Testing
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A 5 page paper that considers the ethical issue of animal testing. It is through animal testing that scientists have developed vaccines and other medications that have relieved incredible suffering and saved millions of human lives. On the other hand, if we look at animals as sentient beings, can we really say it is ethical to use them in testing? This paper reports arguments on each side of the issue and also comments on the use of alternative procedures. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGantst.rtf

Evolution / Plant & Animal
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A 5 page overview of the evolution of plants and animals. Compares and contrasts the evolutionary paths of the first plant and the first animal and traces those paths back to the primordial soup from which that very first organism emerged. Discusses differences in anaerobic and aerobic organisms and details the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Planimal.wps

Global Spatial Patterns of Mammal and Bird Diversity
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of biodiversity and pays special attention to endemic species diversity. Why certain birds and mammals are found in particular parts of the world is discussed. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA246bio.rtf

Gorillas Learning Sign Language / Is it Feasible?
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A 6 page paper on the possibility that gorillas can learn sign language for communicating. Koko the gorilla is the main subject behind the theory that gorillas can learn to sign. While other primates have been studied the main subject of concern is the gorilla. It is maintained that gorillas do learn and comprehend sign language. A bibliography including 10 references follows.
Filename: Gsigning.wps