Mammalian Reproductive Systems/ Phylogenetic & Ontogenetic Development
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An 8 page paper discussing the concept of ontogeny in relation to the human reproductive system. Dispells the belief propagated in the ninetenth century that the embryonic stages of development are an exact mirror of the evolutionary history of an organism. Bibliography lists seven sources.
Filename: Mammal.wps

Merriam's Shrew
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8 pages in length. The writer discusses physical description, habitat, diet, and endangered status as they relate to Merriam's Shrew. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLCMshrw.rtf

Mesozoic Evolution of Mammals
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A 7 page overview of the differing morphological characteristics which arose during the Mesozoic Era and separated the mammals from their predecessors the reptiles. Discusses differences in the inner ear, the jaw, and the brain and provides possible reasons for the divergent evolutionary paths. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Evolmeso.wps

Non-Human Animals Rights and Moral Standing
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the moral standing of animal rights. The arguments for the moral rights of animals covers a great many aspects in regards to moral obligation, natural rights of man and animals, utilitarianism and man’s exploitation of anything or anyone it considers inferior to himself. While many argue that the distinction between species is a cognitive one, others argue that if a distinction should be made it should be in a species’ capacity to feel pain in which case animals are equivalent to humans and should not be treated poorly. Additional arguments show that humans are hypocritical in their actions. While many humans treat their domestic animals well and they fight for the protection of these animals, they still allow for inhumane treatment of animals to occur in regards to agriculture, medical experimentation and entertainment environments. Morally and ethically, humans do seem to believe in animal rights; however their actions do not reflect their morals ideals. By all accounts, non-human animals should have protection rights and should be morally equivalent to humans in nature but however sound the argument may be, the utilitarian aspect of the human actions seem to override this conclusion. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJnonhu1.rtf

Northern Swift Fox
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5 pages in length. Cat-like in appearance yet every bit a member of the dog family, the northern swift fox may have borrowed an extra life or two from its feline counterpart. Its bonafide extinction from Canada earlier this century was met with considerable vigor throughout the past two decades, as reintroduction efforts have returned hundreds of foxes to the wild. The writer discusses scientific name, habitat, breeding and feeding habits, as well as endangered status as they relate to the northern swift fox. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCswfox.rtf

Organized Interest Groups: Political Participation On A National Level
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7 pages in length. Mankind has deceived its furry, finned and scaled friends by its disgraceful disregard for their basic rights as living beings. Nowhere is it written that humans, while perhaps the most developed of all species, are the rulers over their nonspeaking counterparts. Whether or not a person believes animals have the same rights as humans is not the issue. The issue is that animals have the same innate right to a life free of pain, suffering and exploitation as man does, regardless if they are lower on the life chain. Animals have no one to stick up for them; mankind must adopt the role of their caretaker or prepare to suffer the consequences. The writer discusses the political agenda and participation of a wildlife protection organization whose mission it is to rehabilitate the Russian brown bear. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCspcin.wps

Pit Bull Fighting And Laboratory Research: Animal Rights
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8 pages in length. Animals provide a significant supply of goods for human beings, not the least of which supports man's medicinal, food, companion and entertainment needs. However, in spite of all the various ways animals serve mankind, there has historically been little thought given to their own right to existence, having always been considered little more than a disposable commodity. While there exists two very diverse sides to the animal rights debate, two in particular that are the most prevalent include the inhumanity of pit bull fighting rings and whether or not the animals forced to succumb to such horrendous testing procedures are actually worthy of being considered sentient creatures with rights of their own. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCpitbl.wps

Political Actions of Special Interest Groups
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10 pages in length. Interest groups, a major part of American politics today, are organizations of people who share the same interest and attitudes about a particular topic. They endeavor to influence public policy. These groups are normally organized for the purpose of being with people of like-minded moral reasons, for the social aspect, and to help with the economics in forwarding their belief in their cause. This paper is based on the International Fund for Animal Welfare, and explains their actions as a special interest group. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: JGAintgr.wps

Preservation of Species: A Philosophical Argument Including The Principle of Charity, Species Distinction and Modern Day Considerations
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the idea of preservation of other species in the modern world. As the modern world population continues to grow to over 5 billion, the arguments of the preservation of other species shifts from the preservation of other species to the preservation of our own. At what point do humans begin to sacrifice their lifestyle, their welfares and their very lives in order to preserve other species? Traditionally, the moral and ethical arguments in regards to the preservation of other species focused on philosophical and religious discussions using the virtues of man including the strongest virtue of all; that of charity. This being said, Darwin’s evolutionary theory based on the “survival of the fittest” paved the way for man’s own preservation of his own species. While many argued whether or not distinctions between species should be clear cut in regards to their rights, modern day moral policies are based on man’s preservation and they include the traditional arguments based on religion and philosophy but also include the realities of the world today based on economic, medical and environmental concerns which when administered to the overall survival of the human race may mean the sacrifice of other species in the process of man’s own survival. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJspeci1.rtf

Production And Consumption Of Animal Flesh Is Immoral
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5 pages in length. While animals may not be privy to the same type of rights mankind has granted for himself, they are still intrinsically deserving of the rights to a life free of pain and suffering, and to live the way in which nature had intended. One need only look around today's society to recognize the many and varied contributions animals have historically made as a means by which to better mankind's existence. Peter Singer contends that animals have not been given the respect such overwhelming contributions demand and claims that humanity continues to have a problem with getting past the point where it views the animal kingdom as nothing more than a collection of living beings who exist solely to support man's needs. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCflesh.rtf

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease
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A 5 page paper discussing the Psittacine disease that is not limited only to the parrot family. PBFD has been found to infect and cause disease in geese and even guinea pigs, and it is believed to affect poultry species as well. It is now known that the disease is caused by a virus and that feather dystrophy may be the only symptoms apparent until shortly before death. The virus persists in the environment for long periods that may stretch into years. It has increasing commercial implication as birds become more common pets, and it has long-reaching implications for aviculture's efforts to preserve those species endangered by loss of tropical habitat. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KS-PBFD.wps

Putting a Halt to Animal Experimentation as it Stands
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A 6 page paper which argues that animal experimentation is not necessary and should be seriously regulated to ensure that animals are protected adequately. The works of Peter Singer and Carl Cohen are presented in supporting this argument. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAanirght.wps