Kenya's Kikuyu
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An 8 page paper discussing Kenya's largest indigenous tribal group. The Kikuyu are not particularly well educated, but their lack of education must not be confused with lack of ability. These people are warm and generous, and they expect others to be in return. As the operators and students of the US school have learned, the Kikuyu will make some allowances for visitors' ignorance of their ways, but they expect respect for their society. Includes an outline, bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: KSKikuyu.wps

Kinesics
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This is a 15 page paper discussing the studies found regarding kinesics. Kinesics, or the study of body language in nonverbal communication, is a term which was first applied to early anthropological studies and was used in regards to furthering the study of linguistics. Recently however, researchers have used the study of kinesics in regards to its importance in communication in business, education, gender relations, health care and other disciplines which rely upon clear and precise understanding in a communication environment. Kinesics is also used on other non-traditional socio-cultural disciplines such as art and multi-media in the presentation of materials. Generally however, studies in kinesics are “grouped” within the larger area of non-verbal communication including proxemics (spatial relations), haptics (touching behavior), oculesics (eye contact styles), vocalics (vocal cures), chronemics (use of time), and objectics (use of clothes, color and objects) among others and very few studies now relate primarily to kinesics separately which in some aspects is understandable since the complete process of communication involves a balance between the understanding of all of these elements in addition to the verbal and content factors within communication. Bibliography lists 17 sources.
Filename: TJKines1.rtf

Kuba Masks: Background and Description of the Nigerian Masks
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A 5 page overview of the Kuba masks produced by the Kuba people of Zaire. Outlines the societal function of the masks and provides a detailed description of the construction of two of these masks, the mboom and the moshambwooy or elephant masks. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPkubaMs.wps

LANGUAGE AND LITERACY IN PUBLIC SPACES
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This 5 page paper is an expository essay and example of language and literacy in the public space of a veterinarian's office. Examples explained in relation to function and literacy. Bibliography lists 0 sources.
Filename: MBpubspce.rtf

LANGUAGE ‘CODES’ IN WILLIAMS’ IMPROMTU AND AGARD’S LISTEN MR.OXFORD
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This 5 page paper explores the idea of vernacular English as opposed to standard use English through the poems of William Carlos Williams and Agard. Barbara Mellix's essay, From Outside, In and her ideas on language as identity are also included. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBmellix.rtf

Language, Culture And The Global Media
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A 25 page paper. Linguists have predicted that more than half, as many as 90 percent of the 6,000 languages being used today will be extinct by 2050. Languages are becoming extinct at far greater ratios than are mammals and birds. The effect is that there are also cultures that die when the language dies because language is one of the defining characteristics of a culture. This essay provides a look at global immigration patterns with data; a discussion of endangered languages; a discussion of language as a unifying element in culture as well as a barrier to communication; and the possibility of a universal language and what that might be. Interwoven are comments about the media and their roles. Bibliography lists 20 sources.
Filename: PGlngmd.rtf

Leaders in Anthropological Theory
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An 8 page research paper that details the contributions of three men to the field of anthropology. These men are Herbert Spencer, Franz Boas, and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khanthis.wps

Linguistic Subcultures on a College Campus: The Language of Psychology Students
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A 5 page contention that one does not have to travel to far away and exotic places to encounter linguistic subcultures. The author demonstrates that even psychology students utilize language which sets them apart from other students and, in effect, allows them to be classified as a subculture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPlngPsy.rtf

Linguistics within Anthropology
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This 4 page paper examines aspects of linguistics within anthropology though the functionalist and structuralist approaches of de Saussure and Jakobson with analytical approaches from Levi-Strauss. The paper also considers how Leach defines the variation of myth within cultural societies. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEanthro.rtf

Lives of the Pharaohs
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A 5 page discussion of the material culture and spiritual belief of the ancient Egyptians. An extensive discussion, based largely on Pierre Montet’s “Lives of the Pharaohs”, is included on the architecture of these peoples and of what we know about their spiritual beliefs. The author of this paper emphasizes that although the time period spanned by ancient Egypt and the number of rulers which played in its history is tremendous, throughout its entirety the archeological record serves as a clue to the values and lifeways of these fascinating peoples. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PPegpPhr.rtf

Lynn Payer’s “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France”
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This is a 5 page paper discussing Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture”. In Lynn Payer’s text “Medicine & Culture: Varieties of Treatment in the United States, England, West Germany, and France” first published in 1988, Payer discusses the radical differences in diagnosis, treatment and philosophy in regards to similar cases within those countries. What is interesting to the reader is that while all of the countries examined are considered to be “Western” cultures, in actuality, the cultures between the countries vary to a great extent as to the outlook and philosophy of medical practices. Payer relates a great many of these cultural differences to historical trends and the general philosophies of each country when in cultural context make a great deal of sense to the reader but may not have been considered when conceptualizing his or her own reliance on the medical community in one’s own country. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJLPaye1.rtf

Male Status within Ibo Society and Its Loss after the Arrival of the White Missionaries
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This is a 4 page paper discussing male status in Ibo society and its loss after the arrival of the white missionaries and colonization. In traditional African Ibo society there were several different circumstances and symbols which led to male status. Male status depended on age, the family unit, community position, and wealth which were all related in addition to social aspects including the number of wives, courage in warfare, and self-esteem among other factors. The Ibo society was well structured based on the status of men, and women gained their status from the men to which they were married. The introduction of the white missionaries in the Ibo communities led to a disruption of the religion and political systems which were traditionally based on the male hierarchy, democracy and consultation with the Oracles. Once these structures were taken away, lawlessness overtook the villages which led to the imposition of white governmental rule. Important Ibo status factors such as the family and community units, polygamy and male position within the village were also taken away depriving the communities of the political and social symbols which once led their cohesive society. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TJIbost1.rtf