Miniature Painting in Pakistan: History, Influences and Future
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the history, influences and contemporary issues in miniature painting in Pakistan and India. The art of miniature painting was first known to exist in Persia where it was imported from into India during the 1500s at the beginning of the Mughal dynasties. In the Mughal schools of artistry, the art of miniature painting was given a more intense and dynamic feel which differentiated it from the formal structures used by the Persians. The technique is very specific in its use of wasli paper, squirrel hair brushes and vivid water based paint applied in multiple layers to earn it a silky finish. When the Mughal dynasty was displaced, so too were many of the artists who then had to earn livings applying their craft to other objects such as walls and furniture. During the late 1800s, when Indian nationalism began to take place, a revival of the traditional arts led to the re-introduction of miniature painting into the educational system where artists could earn specialties in it. Today, the art of miniature painting is one of the more popular and traditional methods of art especially found in the graduates of the National College of Arts in Lahore, Pakistan, the only school in the world offering a specialty in miniature painting. Modern miniature artists apply traditional Mughal methods in their depictions of the contemporary world and the political and lifestyle issues in Pakistan. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJminip1.rtf

Minoan and Egyptian Frescoes
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A 5 page paper which compares and contrasts Minoan and Egyptian frescoes of the New Kingdom. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAfresco.rtf

Minoan culture & art
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This 5 page paper talks about the Minoan culture -- where they came from, their art and the what each work of art meant to them. This paper sites 4 sources.
Filename: 90minoa.rtf

Oceania at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts
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( 5 pp.) The challenge presented to us in this discussion is twofold: first to be an "art critic" from the period when the art was first exhibited, assuming that it had just been completed by the artist; the second is to take a negative stance to the work that I have just seen. The theories that correspondingly present themselves from this type of construction is to realize that any type of artwork may be perceived differently from the time it is first made until later perceptions in its history. Obviously the work has not changed, but the attitudes towards if may have. The second idea is that in order to talk about something in a negative way, I will in fact have to know something about it first in a positive way. 4 visuals
Filename: BBocnart.doc

Paint and symbols.
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(5pp)Most indigenous peoples have a similar symbology which gives them a framework for their own personal movement in the Universe. Their life is related to the seasons, their brothers - the four legged, and the natural elements of earth, fire wind and water. It is natural that the expression of these constants vary since they are a reflection of the geographic world around them. In this discussion we will look for similarities of two geographically diverse groups, the Mimbres and the Sioux. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBmemsu.doc.

Philip II of Macedon.
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(10 pp) Who was buried in the tomb below? In early 1977 it was thought to be Philip II, son of Amyntas, king of the Macedonians, and Captain General of the united Greeks. The discovery created an understandable sensation, and aroused world-wide interest in this extraordinary personality - father of Alexander the Great, one of the greatest Macedonian kings, and also one of the most important political figures of antiquity. Alexander still holds the title of one of the great conquerors, and all the power and mystery that title suggests. Yet Alexander's warrior-father, Phillip paved the way for much of his son's actions. Bibliography lists 6 sources (photo of external tomb included).
Filename: BBphilIR.doc

Pueblo Pottery
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12 pages in length. Authentic artistry is a fast-fading tradition. In today's hurried global society, the faster one can produce a piece, the sooner financial gain will be realized. When one contemplates the fundamental essence of Pueblo pottery, however, one is quick to note the tenuous association between money and clayware; rather, the very reason why Pueblo pottery is still produced in its authentic way is to perpetuate thousands of years of Native American social, economic, religious, cultural and political reflection. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCPotry.rtf

Rishi Coffins
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A 5 page research paper that examines and discusses the artwork of Egyptians rishi coffins. The term "rishi" refers to the symbolic feathers and wings that seem to embrace the deceased. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khrishi.rtf

Role of Women in Ancient Society
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This 5 page paper looks at gender in Ancient society as depicted by Apuleius's The Golden Ass. The role of the female is discussed in terms of the society in reality as well as how it was depicted by the author. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA19Gold.wps

Roman Art and Architecture: The Influence of Politics and Religion in the Fourth Century AD
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An 8 page discussion outlining the connection between Roman art and politics in the Fourth Century AD. Describes the intense control of art sought by Rome and the final triumph of Christians which resulted in their art in moving from the hidden recesses of ancient catacombs into a position of control in Roman culture. Emphasizes, however, that the Church was just like Rome in that it was very aware of the power of the visual image in swaying public thought and opinion and that they used this power to its utmost, converting and condemning all the way. Concludes that the evolution of art and architecture was really just beginning in Rome and elsewhere around the world. What was consistent, however, was the underlying theme of the influence of politics on art and the corresponding influence of art on politics. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPromArt.wps

Romanesque and Gothic Art and Architecture
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the features of Romanesque and Gothic art and architecture. The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction “boom” occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the Romanesque monuments and the introduction of the cruciform plan and the Norman twin towers but also for the introduction of the Gothic era art within the Cathedrals which included the inclusion of art and sculpture of the Madonna and Christ, the radiating Rose Window, radiating chapels, column figures and the gargoyle among many others. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJgotha1.rtf

Santa Maria Maggiore Mosaics
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This 5 page report discusses the mosaics of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, 432-440 AD, that represent the oldest surviving example of mosaic ornamentation in a Christian church. The mosaics were primarily designed to serve as a chronicle of the events that led to the belief system of Christians and begin with the story of Abraham. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWsmmosa.wps