Bottom Up Or Top Down – Phonics Or Whole Language
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A 10 page paper. For more than three decades, a battle has raged over the most effective approach to reading instruction. Is phonics or whole language better when teaching reading? This paper discusses the controversy from each of the perspectives, explaining each along with their respective advantages or benefits. The writer suggests a balanced approach may be the answer to end the controversy. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGrdphw.rtf

Brain Research and its Applicability to Learning
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A 5 page overview of the latest research on the brain and how this research applies to learning. Notes the findings of three authors in particular who are instrumental in summarizing the scientific information into a format which is useful to educators. These authors are Eric Jensen, Marian Diamond, and Robert Sylwester. Emphasizes that learning occurs though an individual being cognizant of his or her environment and gaining knowledge from that environment. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPedBrai.wps

Brainstorming As Pre-Reading Exercise In ESL Classrooms
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A 5 page paper. One of the many challenges the teacher faces when teaching non-English speaking students reading skills is context. The ESL student has a limited English vocabulary, which means that even if students are able to decode words, they may have no context of what they are reading. Brainstorming is one of the techniques being used as a pre-reading exercise in ESL classrooms to help students understand what they are about to read. This paper explains the brainstorming technique and the reasons for using it. Examples are also included. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGbrnses.rtf

Burrhus Frederic Skinner
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5 pages in length. When one hears the phrase "operant conditioning," the first name that typically comes to mind is Burrhus Frederic Skinner. Considered one of the ten leading educators in American history, B.F. Skinner set a significant precedence with regard to human behavior and the learning process. The writer discusses various components of Skinner's learning theories. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCskinr.wps

Canon / Degredation Is Not for Today's Students
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A 5 page argumentative essay which posits that for regular curriculum students, exposure to degradation and oppression in the canon has no enduring meaning. In an argument against any ideological foundation for the canon, the writer proves that the canon only has aesthetic meaning for academicians. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Canon.wps

Case Study: School Governance Analysis
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A 10 page paper. Using student-supplied information about an elementary school, the writer responds to a number of questions and issues. These include: identified student performance goals, if met, how evaluated, determining if changes need to be made, reporting the data, recognizing successes, use of best practices, and what the school needs to do to improve their program. The writer suggests more training for the staff. Student test score data included. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: PGelsc.rtf

Castleman & Niewoehner's 'Going to Law School'
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A 5 page review of a book by Harry Castleman and Christopher Niewoehner that details what's involved in going to law school-what law school is like, how classes are run, the ins-and-outs of which one to choose and how to apply-these topics and more are all covered in this book. This report concentrates on the first few chapters of the book which examines why a student would choose law school and the personality traits necessary to make a good lawyer. Quotations from the source.
Filename: Golaw.wps

Changing Math Text And Program
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An 8 page paper. The writer presents a scenario of an elementary school whose students are performing poorly in math. A new mathematics textbook series is chosen but the teachers do more - they change their instructional approach, adopting both constructivist principles and exercises and cooperative learning. The writer explains why these choices are made and the anticipated effects. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PGmath6.rtf

Characteristics Of Effective Schools
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This 12 page paper discusses the characteristics and standards that are found in effective schools. Following an introduction, the writer begins by commenting on the importance of an effective principal and then explains and discusses the standards of effectiveness as promoted by the Association for Effective Schools. These are the characteristics of an effective, high-performing school. The essay concludes with a discussion of how one school adopted these characteristics. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGefsc2.rtf

Child Semantics: The Relationship of Age and Interaction with Language Acquisition and Development
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A 5 page overview of the factors which influence language acquisition and development in young children. Describes the cognitive learning process and how semantics can differ even in children which are only a few months apart in age. Emphasizes the importance of interaction with adults in developing language skills in young children. Utilizes the results of a study involving nineteen month olds to thirty-one month olds to conclude that while younger children respond more when they are allowed to chose the topic of conversation rather than being questioned by an adult, the older children in this age range respond to both questions and descriptions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPchldLn.wps

Children in the Classroom / Participation vs. Performance
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9 pages outlining collective information/study. Examines the effects of child involvement/participation in the classroom on academic performance. No Bibliography.
Filename: Expattd.wps

Children, Language And Reading
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8 pages in length. Language exists within the external world as an artifact that is a collection of symbols in admissible combinations. It is also an embodiment in the brain of the symbols used and the principles that determine their combinations. The brain uses the same machinery to represent language that it uses to represent any other entity. Neuroscientists have come to understand the neural basis for the brain’s representations of external objects as well as their events and the relations of those events. This simultaneously gains insight into the brain’s representation of language and into the mechanisms that connect the two. By assimilating the findings of a particular research focus, one can readily associate the relationship between literature and vocabulary with regard to a child's reading aptitude. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TLCreadg.wps