Michael Shaara's "The Killer Angels"
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5 pages in length. Much literary attention has been given to the Civil War, including it causes, outcome and overall impact upon American history. However, few accounts actually delve deeply, if at all, into the agonizing human concerns those three days produced. For a country that espoused benevolence and compassion, the United States had entered into one of the bloodiest battles ever to be recorded throughout history. The turning point for the American Civil War was the Battle of Gettysburg, one conflict of many that stood out as instrumental in eventually bringing the war to a close. Many people have little understanding of the Civil War's impact beyond this point, inasmuch as school history books fail to address the personal issues that ensued, which is where Shaara effectively fills in this gaping void with emotional reflections that allow the reader to gain a significantly different perspective than what is portrayed in unadorned accounts. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCklagl.rtf

Michael Shaara's Account of Gettysburg
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A 7 page essay that examines Michael Shaara's fictionalized account of the Battle of Gettysburg as presented in his novel, The Killer Angels. In this book, Shaara takes the reader into the possible mindset of three of the principal players in that drama, Lee, Longstreet, and (for the Union) Chamberlain. The writer specifically looks at the decisions that Lee made in this battle, according to Shaara's account. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khgettys.wps

Migration and Changing Cities
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A 10 page research paper that examines why there were huge mass movements of people in the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. First of all, the writer looks at immigration relative to Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Then, internal migration of people to Northern cities is discussed. Lastly, the writer discusses the development of suburbs and the social work of settlement houses. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khmgrate.rtf

Military Recruitment Techniques: Civil War through the Present
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An 8 page discussion of the evolution in military recruitment techniques which can be observed from the Civil War to the present. Concentrating on recruitment posters, the author contends recruiting techniques evolved from the simplistic to the complex both in terms of the image rendition and in terms of the suggestion the images were intended to make to the American psyche. This paper emphasizes that the evolution in recruiting posters from simple to complex graphics, from informative to stunning, occurred both in relation to changing in printing and other technologies and in relation to cultural changes themselves. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPposter.rtf

MINNESOTA’S MESABI RANGE
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This 6 page paper discusses the development, historical and geographical, of the Mesabi Iron Ore Range in Minnesota. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBiron.rtf

Modern City Planning: 19th Century
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7 pages in length. The nineteenth century city was ripe for change. Not only was there a dire need to improve upon communication networks, building types and architectural styles, but there was also a growing presence that required new definitions of "publicness" and the establishment of new power structures. Clearly, these changes were not restricted to one community, state or country in particular, but rather this modernistic approach to city development was being felt all over the world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLC19thC.rtf

New Lanark, Oneida, & Other Utopian Societies In America
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Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, numerous utopian groups created their own "heavens on earth" in the American heartland, ranging from the Shakers, to Robert Owen's "New Harmony," to the Oneida community. They struggled in vain to create "perfect" societies that would differ in contrast with the dreary ones overseas in Europe. This 6 page research paper examines the purpose, attempts, and failures of these communities -- concentrating primarily upon the examples of New Lanark and Oneida. The themes of these communities and their decline are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Utopias.wps

News Coverage of the Election of Abraham Lincoln
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A 5 page research paper that examines how election coverage differed between the North and South. The writer gives a detailed summation of the coverage that appeared in the New York Times and the New Orleans Daily Picayune as being representative of these regions. As one would expect, the tone employed by these newspapers was quite different. While the northern paper saw the upcoming conflict as dealing primarily with the issue of slavery, the southern paper pictured Lincoln as an enemy of the South in general. Bibliography lists 6 original articles from these two papers.
Filename: Lincnews.wps

Nineteenth Century Expansionism: Similarities Between Germany, Italy, and the United States
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A 5 page observation that while the United States, Italy, and Germany, would of first appearance appear to share little in terms of their nationalistic views and their overall relationship with the rest of the world; there were in fact many similarities between their nationalistic views and efforts at territorial expansion. The manner in which these countries went about strengthening their nationalistic ties and building up their territories was in many ways identical. Each involved the forced suppression of the Native peoples who stood in their way. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PP19thTr.rtf

Nothing Like it in the World: The Transcontinental Railroad:
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This 8 page paper discusses this Stephen Ambrose novel in-depth. Critical analysis discusses writing style, impact, research and more in relation to this novel. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: GSRailrd.rtf

Nullification Proclamation
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In 5 pages the author discusses the Nullification Proclamation of 1832, the controversy between Andrew Jackson and South Carolina and South Carolina Secession. "The nullification confrontation was the catalyst that put then president Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, a senator, against one another. The crux of the confrontation concerned the argument of whether a state could nullify federal law. This was considered an important step in an attempt to give definition to the proper powers of the states." Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Nullif2.wps

Orphan Trains: Mid 1800s to the Early 1900s
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A 6 page review of the history of the orphan trains, New York City’s and Boston’s solution to the problem of the street waif. This movement involved not just true orphans, not just children for whom there were no relatives left, but also children who were being inadequately cared for by their own families. These children were rounded up and shipped to new homes in the West and the Midwest where they either became indentured servants or were adopted into caring homes which would provide both care and direction to a better life. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPorphTr.rtf