The Trail Of Tears
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7 pages in length. Often referred to as the American Holocaust, the Trail of Tears represents a battle between the European settlers and the Cherokee Indians that ultimately brought down the Cherokee Nation. In retelling the tale time and time again, various and minute details have been modified throughout the decades; however, the primary factor remains clear: the Cherokee Indians were forced to fight with blood, sweat and tears in order to uphold their dignity as The Principal People. The event that took place in North Georgia, ultimately to be known as the Trail of Tears, sheds considerable light on how the Cherokee were treated with severe disrespect and manipulation by the Europeans, whose goal it was to settle upon the Indian's territory. The writer discusses the events leading up to the Trail of Tears. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCtrail.rtf

The Trail of Tears: Disgrace of a Young Nation
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A 7 page discussion of the forced removal of the Cherokee Indian in 1838 from their eastern homelands in the United States. Written from the perspective of a foreign reporter who witnessed the event first hand. Provides details of the events which led up to the removal. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPtrailT.rtf

Western Expansion and the Trail of Tears
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6 pages in length. This paper examines the sad travesty of the Cherokee Trail of Tears march due to western expansion from 1815-1840. The historical treatment of the Cherokee is reviewed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAwstrn.wps

Black Elk Speaks
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A five page paper looking at John Neihardt’s interview of Black Elk, a Lakota Indian who survived the massacre at Wounded Knee. The paper explains the theme and importance of the work, and shows how it helped to change early twentieth-century stereotypes of the Indian. No additional sources.
Filename: KBelk.wps

Black Elk's Vision
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A 5 page paper on Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux, edited and translated by John Neihardt. The paper shows that although Black Elk felt he did not fulfill his sacred mission of mending the broken hoop of Indian culture, the rise in public interest and awareness concerning Indians shows that he did. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Blckelk.wps

"Cherokee Women" by Theda Perdue
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A 5 page book review on Theda Perdue's "Cherokee Women." Her book presents us with a very unique look at the Cherokee women who were actually the leaders and the providers of the Cherokee people. Bibliography lists 1 additional source.
Filename: RAperdue.wps

"Frontier Regulars" by Robert M. Utley
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A 5 page paper which examines the thesis and main points of Robert M. Utley's book, "Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866-1891." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAutley.wps

"It's a good day to be indigenous." From Sherman Alexie's book and movie Smoke Signals
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(6 pp) The movie (1999) was billed as the first American all-Indian made - written, acted and produced movie. And everyone appeared astounded that it was (is) very good. It has been adapted from Alexie's book of short stories called The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fight in Heaven. Our assignment is to look both at the movie and at the book and determine the dramatic strengths and weaknesses of one version compared to another.
Filename: BBtonto.doc

'Native Roots' by Jack Weatherford
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A 5 page paper that reviews Weatherford's book, focusing upon defining his thesis and demonstrating support for Weatherford's belief that major political, cultural, and social constructs in the Americas, including the economy, were based on the principles and techniques of Native American communities. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Nativer.wps

'Native Roots' by Jack Weatherford # 2
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A 5 page paper that considers the importance of Weatherford's historical account of the relationship between European settlers and Native American communities. This paper presents Weatherford's work in a critical perspective, noting that his focus on the importance of the interaction between Indians and European settlers almost negates the devastating impacts enacted against the Indians. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Nativer2.wps

'The Broken Spears': The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
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A 6 page overview of Miguel Leon Portilla's 'The Broken Spears : The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico'. Reveals that this book differs from typical accounts of the conquest of Mexico in that it is one of the few accounts which is presented from the aspect of the indigenous peoples who lived there rather than from the perspective of the European marauders who invaded their lands and killed their peoples. Examines the question of why the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec. Suggests that this accomplishment is not just due to technological superiority but also to Spanish mindset. The Spanish conquered the Aztec by destroying their culture and exposing them to the ravages of disease. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPaztec.rtf

A Century of Religious Evolution among Native Americans
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A 7 page paper discussing how the issue of religion among Native Americans has come full circle in the past century. The federal government officially banned some tribes' most sacred religious rites - the potlatch of the Cree was subversive because it redistributed wealth among members - forbade the use of native languages and removed entire tribes from their ancestral lands. White missionaries were certain that the "savages" had to be civilized before they could be evangelized, and did not take the time to realize how similar native religion and Christianity were. Some groups are returning to the traditional ways; others are blending tradition with Christianity; still others persecute the Christians in their midst in retribution for the centuries of persecution at the hands of Christians. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSnativAmRel.wps